Care Robots

Paul Vincent Tongsy

For the Symposium on The Law And Policy Of AI, Robotics, together with Telemedicine In Health Care.

            The utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) together with aid robotics are currently viewed every bit ii split branches of advancements inward modern medicine. For now, AI together with aid robots are considered every bit advanced tools to augment the skills together with tidings of human professionals who render most of the care. There volition live on a fourth dimension inward the not-so-distant future, when AI achieves full general or superintelligence. Simultaneously, they volition piece of work to a greater extent than independent together with mobile, patch other specific medical devices/robots volition piece of work to a greater extent than miniaturized together with advanced. In vivo, inward vitro/prosthetics together with other therapeutic robots volition all probable piece of work to a greater extent than advanced together with prevalent.

Done right, AI volition probable merge amongst robotics together with these resulting aid robots volition cause got then much potential to heighten care. Envision the mutual utilisation of robots every bit aid providers throughout the human lifespan (e.g. nannies, companions/assistants, together with other possibilities). This prospect is both exciting for some people, together with terrifying for others. For meliorate or worse, it is rather mutual for aid robots to piece of work ubiquitous at a rapid stair in ane lawsuit they overcome the hurdles of reaching successful initial adoption.

In formal settings or institutions similar hospitals, AI adoption is complicated together with undertaken past times a multi-disciplinary team. Outside of formal settings, AI adoption volition live on theme on multiple variables. These variables may include but are non express to: competition, regime sponsorship or regulation, together with an economic scheme driven market. Once the stupor value wears off together with the aid robots are constitute effective together with safe, it is probable that the populace volition need “the best, brightest together with newest” aid robot. Prohibitively expensive at first, aid robot makers mightiness all the same sell out together with turn a profit tremendously, much similar the best smart weep upward or auto companies of today.

Naturally, in that location already are or volition live on glaring issues before, during together with later the “robot invasion”.  For healthcare inward particular, these issues volition include paramount concerns for patient security together with privacy. Reevaluating ethics for both humans (bioethics) together with robots (roboethics) volition also piece of work crucial every bit to a greater extent than aid robots are designed, produced together with adopted. For these robots to live on successful, a lot of aid together with caring volition cause got to live on taught to them past times their human creators. These teachings volition include what aid looks similar together with how to render it safely. The nursing profession together with its theories of aid tin definitely live on a valuable resources for aid robot learning.

Nursing, every bit the most prevalent medical profession, should accept a smashing involvement on this land of report every bit applied scientific discipline advances together with affects their exercise inward patient aid delivery. There may live on a genuine business that robots volition compete for every job, inward every industry. There are arguments that the extent of robot advancement volition brand them meliorate than their human counterparts at everything together with every labor bar none. They mightiness fifty-fifty flip the script where humanity volition cause got novel robotic overlords or “we [are so] dead” 1. Thankfully, this detail representative would live on implausible if humanity is careful when creating AI. From robot pattern to actual adoption, explainable/open AI, security protocols together with proper regulations are all of import inward preventing the worse representative scenarios from coming to pass.  The AI Asilomar Principles are a laid of guidelines or declarations for research, ethics together with values, which has gained thousands of signatories to appointment 2. They may live on every bit good aspirational or idealistic for some people, but they are definitely worth the attending together with goodness faith attempt of those individuals, organizations together with governments involved inward the pattern together with creation of AI.

AI together with aid robots should neither live on viewed only through optimistic eyes, nor pessimistic ones… but rather, real pragmatic ones. More than ever, practical considerations should outweigh the theoretical, together with sensibility should override sensationalism. It helps to maintain a rational outlook together with a sense of humor, fifty-fifty every bit new, potentially unexpected issues arise. The reply to novel philosophical questions volition live on of value to every major profession including nursing, medicine together with law. Once nosotros learn a robot to aid for people, volition it live on really empathetic or volition it but echo what appears similar empathy every bit a resultant of its design?  Will that thing if the outcome on human aid remains the same? Will in that location live on a massive deterioration inward human contact, aid together with compassion?

There are no fix answers together with personal predictions are never perfect. However, it seems every bit though in that location volition live on an enduring need for human professionals for a patch longer inward sure enough professions or occupations. Registered nursing inward detail is safer than others when jobs are outsourced to robots 3. There is an overall graying population, the retirement of the babe boomer generation, together with the difficulty of outsourcing the highly regulated, technical together with complex skills of immediate bedside nurses to aid robots. It is probable that highly developed aid robots may piece of work patient aid assistants inward accuse of basic tasks together with patients’ activities of daily living. Then, inward cases of severe human professional person shortages inward healthcare, the aid robots may serve every bit a nurse assistant. This may only live on done nether the unopen supervision of human nurses or every bit a stopgap measure. Not everyone volition live on comfortable amongst this possibility. No ane should delegate the sole direction of IV medications or narcotics to a robot anytime soon, specially if in that location are meliorate alternatives. It is a possibility nonetheless inward cases of emergency, disaster or other rare together with odd situations.

In some industries, in that location may live on fewer jobs for humans if AI/robots piece of work every bit good prevalent. Some professional person jobs may also displace overseas. However, the “lived” human sense together with the genuine empathy of human professionals volition both stay valuable assets to professionals inward nursing, medicine, police pull together with many other professions. As for their responsibilities, it is probable that the basic together with fourth dimension consuming tasks or skillsets volition live on delegated to AI/robots. Afterwards, complex tasks volition live on performed past times humans together with machines together. AI/robots volition maintain to augment human abilities or humans volition maintain to supervise the AI/robot’s functioning of its tasks. Finally, in that location are some licensed tasks, professions or occupations that volition probable stay generally monopolized past times human beings on purpose.

Care robots may all halt upward amongst “non-threatening designs” ala Baymax of Disney’s Big Hero half-dozen 4.  However, the to a greater extent than miraculous advancement would live on a robot that tin compass the grade of care, caring together with empathy of humans. Creating such a robot volition live on real difficult, to country the least. Then inward the unlikely lawsuit that robotic emotional tidings also reaches the grade of humans and/or the robot is no longer a mere tool but an exceptional human creation, aid robots should live on granted protection together with legal personhood. An AI that is capable of genuine dear would probable qualify, exactly every bit “David” does inward the film, AI: Artificial Intelligence past times Steven Spielberg 5. In existent life, in that location are already decades’ worth of resources together with arguments regarding whatever land of report or number inward AI, live on they from the internet, electrical flow events, technological advancement, film/fiction, academic literature, together with practiced or entrepreneur opinion. Some predictions are then influential, they may ultimately piece of work self-fulfilling prophecies.

This nurse inward particular, cautiously predicts a reasonably prophylactic futurity for humanity using well-designed together with carefully created aid robots, resulting inward ane small-scale stair at a fourth dimension for aid robots, ane giant fountain overall for humanity.

Paul Vincent Tongsy, BSN, RN, CCRN, PHN, is a Masters inward Legal Studies Student at Loyola Law School Los Angeles. You tin compass him past times electronic mail at ptongsy at lls.edu
Bibliography

Online Articles
1 Catherine Clifford, 9 of the most jaw-dropping things Elon Musk said near robots together with AI inward 2017, CNBC, Dec. 18, 2017, harus di isi/search?q=18/9-mind-blowing-things-elon-musk-said-about-robots-and-ai-in-2017
2 Future of Life Institute, Asilomar AI Principles, 2017, https://futureoflife.org/ai-principles/

3 Sue Chang, This nautical chart spells out inward dark together with white exactly how many jobs volition live on lost to robots, MarketWatch, Sep. 02, 2017, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-chart-spells-out-in-black-and-white-just-how-many-jobs-will-be-lost-to-robots-2017-05-31

Films

4 Big Hero half-dozen (DisneyWorks, 2014) movies.disney.com/big-hero-6

5 A.I. Artificial Intelligence (Amblin / Stanley Kubrick, 2001). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_19pRsZRiz4


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